Aim To investigate the beneficial effects of perindopril on bone marrow-endothelial progenitor cell （EPC） mobilization, neovascularization and cardiac function in diabetic rats after acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, and explore the potential underling mechanism for these effects. Methods High fat diet combined with a low dose of Streptozocin （STZ） was used to induce diabetic models, then left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was performed to induce AMI. Diabetic rats were randomly assigned into perindopril group or control group after surgery （n15 in each group）. The percentage of CD45^－/low+CD133⁺KDR⁺EPC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by flow cytometry pre-operation and at day1,3,5,7,14,28 post-operation, and the plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） at the same time points was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit. Capillary density in the peripheral area of infarction was determined by CD31 staining. Echocardiagraphy was performed to evaluate cardiac function. The expression and phosphorylation of protein associated with EPC mobilization in bone marrow were determined by Western blot analysis. Results Perindopril treatment could notably improve the impaired ischemia-induced EPC mobilization in diabetic condition, and elevate the tiptop of circulating EPC （103±37/10⁶ vs 58±19/10⁶, P<0.05）. At the same time, the level of plasma VEGF was raised, the expression of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）