AimTo investigate the association of the G894T,T786C polymorphism of the endothelial nitric synthase (eNOS) gene with essential hypertension (EH) in the Han and Kazakh populations in Xinjiang.MethodsBased on the case-control study,346 patients with essential hypertension(EH group)and 385 healthy people (NT group)in Han Chinese population, and 363 patients with essential hypertension(EH group)and 370 healthy people (NT group)in the Kazakh population were selected from Tacheng Region of China by random cluster sample.After physical examination and questionnaire, blood samples were selected, the G894T,T786C polymorphisms of eNOS gene were detected with SNaPshot system.Genotype frequency, allele frequency, linkage disequilibrium (LD)and haplotypes were calculated and compar-ed.ResultsOverweight, obesity, triglycerides disorder, age 51 and over are risk factors of EH in Han and Kazakh populations.Distribution of allele frequencies G894T, T786C polymorphism of eNOS gene, the total population in EH and NT group are significantly different between two ethnic (P<0.05).G894T and T786C polymorphism do not have strong LD.It constituted four kinds of haplotypes of GT (75.3% and 79.6%), GC (10.8% and 10.5%), TT (5.7% and 9.8%), TC (8.2% and 0.1%) in Han and Kazakh populations.The maximum distribution of haplotypes frequencies was GT in two ethnic, and the minimum are TC (Han), TT (Kazakh).The formation of haplotypes (GT, TT, TC) frequency was significantly different between two ethnic (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe polymorphism of eNOS gene G894T, T786C may not be associated with the essential hypertension in the Han and Kazakh populations in XinJiang.