Atherosclerosis(As) is a complex process where both of cholesterol accumulation and inflammation in vessel wall play crucial roles in its development.ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) is an integral cell membrane protein that exports cholesterol from cells and suppresses vascular inflammation via binding of the apolipoprotein AⅠ(apoAⅠ).ABCA1 mutations in human can reduce plasma HDL levels and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.Genetic knockout of ABCA1 in animal not only affect plasma HDL levels but also impair pancreatic β cell function,inflammation and promoting the progress of atherosclerosis.Inflammatory cytokines and metabolites inhibit ABCA1 protein and decrease cholesterol export from macrophages,raising the possibility that an impaired ABCA1 pathway contributes to the enhanced atherogenesis associated with common inflammatory and metabolic disorders.The ABCA1 has therefore become a promising new therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis.