Aim To investigate the effects of arecoline on blood coagulation and hemorrheology in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley(S-D) rats were fed high-fat and high-fructose diet for four weeks and then were injected streptozotocin(30 mg/kg) to induce the type 2 diabetes.Once the type 2 diabetes models were set successfully,type 2 diabetic rats were randomized into five groups: normal control group,diabetes models group,arecoline groups(1 mg/kg,5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg).The rats were treated with arecoline through intragastric administration for twelve weeks.At the end of the twelfth week,the level of fasting blood glucose,the level of blood plasma fibrinogen(Fbg) and the coagulation indexes including thrombin time(TT),prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) were detected.The hemorrheology indexes inculding blood viscosity,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,volume of packed red cells,erythrocyte aggregation index and erythrocyte deformity index were also detected. Results Compared with the normal control group,the level of fasting blood glucose was significantly increased,TT,PT and APTT were significantly decreased and the level of blood plasma Fbg was significantly increased in the diabetes models group.Compared with the normal control group,blood viscosity,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,volume of packed red cells and erythrocyte aggregation index were significantly increased,but erythrocyte deformity index was significantly decreased in the diabetes models group.Compared with the diabetes model group,the level of fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased and the indexes of coagulation and hemorrheology were improved in arecoline(5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) group.Conclusion Arecoline improves the blood coagulation and hemorrheology in type 2 diabetic rats.