Aim To research the distribution of dyslipidemia population and related factors in Heilongjiang Province and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods A population based investigation was carried out cross-sectionally in a sample of 3 481(1 509 men and 1 972 women,aged from 20~85).Total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),low density lipoprotein(LDL) and glucose were measured and according to the diagnostic criteria dyslipidemia population were screened. Results Serum lipids abnormalities were found in 1 681 persons,and the detection rate was 48.3%,54.5% for men,43.6% for women.In addition to 20~,40~,50~ the age group of high TC and high LDL,the remaining incidence of dyslipidemia in different ages and genders were significantly different.By non-conditional Logistic regression analysis,the statistical significant risk factors for dyslipidemia were age(OR=1.771),gender(OR=1.384),body mass index(OR=1.666),glucose(OR=1.919),alcohol(OR=1.277),smoking(OR=1.515),DBP(OR=1.529),waist circumference(OR=1.283) and waist-hip ratio(OR=1.858),and physical exercise(OR=0.802) was protective factors of dyslipidemia. Conclusions It is very necessary to take measures to prevent dyslipidemia.Taking control of body weight and blood pressure,elimination of tobacco and alcohol,strengthening exercise,balanced diet and other key scientific measures are positive to reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia.