Aim To study the relationship of ankle brachial index(ABI),atherosclerosis and conventional risk factors.Methods 174 inpatients were performed coronary angiography,Gensini's coronary angiography score was calculated to quantify the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis.ABI of all subjects were measured,retinal artery was inspected and risk factors of atherosclerosis were investigated.Results ABI between normal coronary angiography group and anormal coronary angiography group had statistically significant difference(P<0.001).There was an inverse linear trend between ABI and Gensini's coronary angiography score(r=-0.768,P<0.001),the more Gensini's coronary angiography score the lower ABI.ABI between normal retinal artery group and anormal retinal artery group had statistically significant difference(P<0.001),the more severity of retinal artery the lower ABI.Gensini's coronary angiography score between normal retinal artery group and anormal retinal artery group had statistically significant difference(P<0.001),the more severity of retinal artery the more Gensini's coronary angiography score.Logistic regression model analysis showed that risk factors including ages,sex,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,quantity of smoking,diabetes and genetic factor were all associated with ABI significantly.Conclusions ABI is a handy and dependable predictor of atherosclerosis.ABI are all associated with conventional risk factors including ages,sex,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,quantity of smoking,diabetes and genetic factor.