Aim To investigate the relationship between atherosclerosis(As) and inflammation and the effect of azithrumycin on As rabbits. Methods 45 rabbits were divided into control group,high lipid group and azitheromycin group.The latter 2 groups were made as modle by high lipid feeding [cholesterol 1.5 g/(kg·d)] and vascular intimal injury.Azithromycin group were given azithromycin 30 mg/(kg·d) 3 days 4weeks.High sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin G(CPIgG) were detected at 0,4th,8th,and 12th week.The damaged segments of abdominal artery were harvested for morphometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction evaluated the mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1). Results High-lipid As rabbit had higher level of hs-CRP(212.8±5.3 g/L),CPIgG(2.03±0.08 g/L) and mRNA expression of VCAM-1(1.102±0.108) than azithromycin group(hs-CRP: 123.9±2.1 g/L,CPIgG: 1.40±0.09 g/L,VCAM-1 mRNA: 0.978±0.135).Azithromycin could reduce the levels of these inflammation indexes. Conclusion As had relationship with inflammation,azithromycin could inhibit inflammation and inhibit As.