Aim To observe the protective role of unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil(UFAACPSO) on adriamycin-induced myocardium injury in rat and clarify the mechanism of its action. Methods Forty SD rat were randomly divided into four groups:Control group(physical salts filled into stomach and injected into pleural),ADR group(physical salts filled into stomach and adriamycin injected into pleural),ADR+Lg group (low concentration UFAACPSO filled into stomach and adriamycin injected into pleural),ADR+Hg group(high concentration UFAACPSO filled into stomach and adriamycin injected into pleural).The death rate was calculated.Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn-SOD) were detected.The expression level of Cu-ZnSOD protain and mRNA were detected by immunhistochemical method and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results The change rate of heart rate of ADR+Hg group was obviously lower than ADR group(p<0.05),the activity of Cu-Zn-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px of ADR+Hg group were obviously than higher than ADR group(p<0.05),serum CK-MB concentration of ADR+Hg group was obviously lower than ADR group(p<0.01),Cu-Zn-SOD protein,mRNA expression were up-regulated remarkably in ADR+Hg group(p<0.05),and the death rate was reduced in ADR+Hg group.But no significantly difference was not found between ADR group and ADR+Lg group and adriamycin group. Conclusion UFAACPSO could significantly decrease adriamycin-induced myocardium injury in rat,the mechanism of its action may related to it's activity of reducing oxygen radical and inhibiting oxidative stress.