Aim To study the inflammatory reaction in the arteriosclerotic lesions and effect of it by interventions of lipid lowering in the patients of Acute cerebral infarction(ACI)with hyperlipidemia. Methods To measure the level of soluble plasma P selectin and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) by ELISA and serum nitric oxide (NO) by colorimetric analysis method before and after treatment with simvastatin in 30 patients of ACI with hypercholesterolemia(HC group), 28 patients of ACI with hypertriglyceridemia(HTG group) and 36 normal controls. Results The patients with ACI of HC group and HTG group had higher levels of plasma P selectin and ox LDL, lower level of serum NO than control group. A direct positive correlation was observed in P selectin level with ox LDL, LDLC and ox LDL, TG in HC group and HTG group separately. A direct negative correlation was found between plasma P selectin and NO levels in patients of HC group. After administration of simvastatin (20 mg/d for 6 weeks) to patients of HC group and HTG group, plasma P selectin and ox LDL levels reduced significantly and serum NO level elevated significantly. Conclusions The inflammatory reaction in the arteriosclerotic lesions exists both in the patients of ACI with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the development of it is synchronized with the levels of plasma P selectin, ox LDL,TG and serum NO, which can be blocked by intervention of lipid lowering.