Aim To explore the effects of neuropeptide Y on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and c-myc oncogene in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods The combination of immunofluorescent quantitative skill and laser scanning confocal microscope (ACAS570) were employed to detect the changes of fluorescent values of PCNA, PDGF and c-myc oncogene expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells by neuropeptide Y. Results Under the observation of laser scanning confocal microscope (ACAS570), the fluorescent means of PCNA, PDGF and c-myc oncogene in the control groups were 1542.71±200.04,815.28±116.48 and 1620.26±174.58, respectively neuropepetide Y could promote the expression of PCNA, PDGF and c-myc oncogene in the cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. The fluorescent means of them were 1648.56±232.71, 1225.46±101.84 and 1740.35±205.91, the difference of PDGF was especially evident (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuropeptide Y had effects on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and could induce the expression of PDGF and c-myc oncogene.